Category: mini-english

  • Interview 1 – September 27

    Interview 1
    September 27 (Monday), 2004

    Site visit 1:00-1:30pm, Interview 1:30-2:15pm

    Interview was done during Sarah’s lunch hour break in a nearby restaurant. While waiting for her to get off her work, I took a look around the design room and took mental notes which I later write about.

    Y: Can you, can you tell me about, how.. umm today’s Monday. How your day went, today, from the moment you came into the store, until now?
    S: It’s been extremely busy.
    Y: and like, what you did, from like when you entered the store, check in the cards… and open the doors, and check the orders..
    S: I’m not usually the first person who gets there, usually. (aha) so, when I first get there, I usually I am… open the doors, you know, basically go through the [irrecog:008] opening procedures and the girls are in the front remote opening procedures. Uhm.. I ah.. I ah… let’s see what I do.. (like today, what did you do?) open the back door, [very cut voice] unset the alarm, put the cat down, put down all my stuff, run over to turn the lights on, let the cat out of the cannel (?) uhm.. fed the cat, then… [long silence] check my messages on the machine, and.. in the machine, there was.. there is an order that’s been tending for about a month and a half, that was there, so I called the customer back, talked to that customer, she came in, I took that order, talked to them, it was a funeral order, talked to them, did that, haven’t done the flowers yet but.. put the order on the computer, get everything organized for that. Make sure that I’ve got the flowers for it, order the flowers for the special, talk to the wholesaler.. about.. vases, we’re looking for new vases, got some prices, and stuff that we’re looking for, cloths from a couple different places, order flowers for this afternoon, special stuff that we didn’t have in the cooler, talk to the boss, talked about getting flowers for the next week, umm.. did about I think 10 arrangements so far, got the drivers, made sure they are out, got the [irrecog:023] pill stuff out, made sure that that was ready, and that’s what I’ve done so far.
    Y: [laugh] I see. Umm, do you..
    S: answer the phone a couple of times, took some orders.
    Y: when you mentioned things like “customers” or “wholesalers” (oh yeah?) is that how you call the people among your co-workers? Tell other people “we’ve got a customer..” for example
    S: Umm, no. when we call for wholesalers, there are specific wholesalers that we order with, we order from Dudek, we order from Lanborchur, Palm, various places that we need special. So this morning, I needed… 10 gardenias. And in order to get the 10 gardenias I had to call 3 different wholesalers to find them. So… we refer to the wholesalers by name. By the specific salespeople [hmm, is “salespeople” the folk term?] you know, like I call.. I don’t know if you heard me before when I said “Jake, your pant in my ass”. (no, I didn’t.. [laugh]) but we develop relationships with different cells…so when we refer to those people.. between ourselves, we call them by their first names. We call, I’ll get them from Paul, I’ll get’em from Jake, I’ll get it from John Bush, I’ll get it from… you know, call…. Alex type situations. And, because we know who they work for, we know who we’re talking about. So it’s.. um.. that’s how we refer to them.
    Y: I’m trying to get into more how you call them, because how you call things from your workplace, so like among your co-workers, do you have a name.. like a general name, when you refer to the wholesalers in general?
    S: that’s what I was just telling you.
    Y: I mean, like..
    S: we don’t to them as wholesalers in general. We refer to specific wholesalers. [here is where informant starts getting angry]We don’t… (Oh you never talk about…) we NEVER talk about wholesalers. We talk about ordering from Glenn, we talk about ordering from Jake, I’ll see if I can get it from Jake, I’ll see if I can get it from Glen, I’ll see if I can get it from so and so. We never ever just say “I’m gonna look at the wholesalers”. If I’m talking to a CUSTOMER, uhm.. then you would have to contact the supplier. (uhuh) okay? (so for the customer, the wholesaler…) for the customer the wholesaler is the supplier. (uhuh) so for US, it’s specific to which one we’re looking at. Okay?
    Y: so wholesaler is just a term you are using to explain to me what they are, [oops] what they do (what they DO). Uhuh
    S: it’s an industry.
    Y: I see. I see…um
    S: When I say wholesale, it’s the industry that I’m talking about, I’m not talking about specific people. (uhuh) specific businesses…
    Y: what would you do throughout the afternoon? (WHAT?) what would you do throughout the rest of the afternoon?
    S: [sounds indignated] what would I do through the rest of the day? (yeah) what I was doing just this morning. Just more OF IT
    Y: uhuh. So you’ll be doing more arrangements?
    S: Well, I’ll do more arrangements, I’ll do more.. probably I’ve got to call Jake again this afternoon, it’s just more of what is was..
    Y: [inaudible question: 052]
    S: no, because if you wanna know, that’s all the time you’re gonna get. (Y laughs) but, umm.. I’ll do more arrangements, yes, but I’ll also be doing more.. I’ve got place to sit in the order, an order for baskets, an order for all kinds of stuff this afternoon, so…
    Y: I’ll, I’ll pray.. (huh) if you don’t mind I’ll pray before eating..
    Y: so.. what you will be doing this afternoon is not that different from what you did this morning? (uh-uh) are there things that you cannot do in the afternoon?
    S: uh…. [awkward look] no (….no?) what I’ll do this afternoon, is get everything ready for tomorrow, so that the drivers get it ready so that they can take it when they go in the morning.
    Y: umm…. [looking at my notes] Umm… so you said that you did ten arrangements today. Are there, (so far) are there different kinds of arrangements (well?) well, what kinds are there?
    S: I need more specific of a question.
    Y: hmmm… so like, are there…. [laugh] umm.. like if I have… if I had a dishware (a WHAT?) a dishware, dishware? A dishware. If you had a container? [oops, now I realize my informant thought I was talking about her containers, not about dishware in general – I make mistakes like these because I don’t know English!] right. If I had a container, there would be different kinds of containers. There would be.. bowls, and dishes, and… I don’t know them in English.. and so forth.
    S: [cutting] you don’t know our industry, obviously.
    Y: ahah, yeah, I don’t know [stare at informant waiting for comments]
    S: we typically work on… our arrangements by occasions. (uhuh) we do… [long silence] funeral work. We do…. Uhmm… base arrangement suitable for a birthday. We do arrangements.. suitable for a new baby. We do… sympathy for the homes, uhm… for the hospital stuff, you know? We basically break down the types of arrangements we do by… the occasion.
    Y: Ahah. Is that how you about it with your co-workers.. by occasions? (uhuh?) so, so… [laugh] so.. they are asking also about which one should be this arrangement be, and someone is asking you… what arrangements.. which occasions you do. (It’s on the order) Uhuh. It’s on the order. (It SHOULD be on the order) Uhuh. You said also how you talk about them.. with the customers? As for the sympathy for the.. what was it sympathy for the…. For the wellnesses?
    S: [long silence] when a customer places an order (uhuh), the person find out is, where, who is it going to, and where is it going. Is it going to homes or to businesses? Going to a hospital, is it for a funeral? What’s the occasion? Why are you placing this order in the first place? [very marked words] In KNOWING why they placed the order, we get a much better FEEL for what kind of thing they’re looking for. Okay? For example this morning I had people come in, the mother had died. (uhuh) so based on that.. and knowing that it was going to the church, I had a much better idea of kind of thing they were looking for to start with. (uhuh) so, uhm, so yeah, you know, we’re talking about a base arrangement, we’re talking about a… traditional sympathy arrangement. We’re talking about.. [long silence] the terminology is different when you’re talking with customers, than when you’re talking with co-workers. [I think “co-worker” bothers my informant. I will use “designer” next time.]
    Y: As you go, could you mostly talk of the terms that you would use with co-workers? Like, if you can, if you could explain also like, oh, these are terms that I use with co-workers, or clients but I would like to first know how you call them with co-workers.
    S: Well it’s hard because when I talk about what I do, I can’t talk with YOU as I would.. the same with a COWORKER because you don’t know what I’m talking about.
    Y: Right. But could you… could you talk assuming that.. I will understand everything? That’s part of the.. umm.. of the method in trying to… umm.. in trying to understand the meanings of the words that you use, from the context in which you are using them, and not only.. not only the specific meaning that they might have. So.. that wholesalers will be.. our suppliers and so forth.
    S: But we don’t CALL them wholesalers.
    Y: Right, right. But, for example.. a [irrecog:109] sympathy.
    S: So, I’m born to… if I’m talking to, a wholesalers, as I’m talking to my co-workers, I’m gonna tell them that I’m gonna call him JAKE. (uhuh) And get those from Jake. (uhuh) So, and I could tell you that I’m giving them to Paul and you wouldn’t have a clue of what I was talking about! (Uhuh.) So, that’s part of the problem that you are gonna have with those.
    Y: Oh, that’s precisely what we are to do on the research (alright, ..) but, not knowing.. not fully understanding what you are telling us in the first time. Umm… eh… is, is your schedule different from day to day? (uhuh) uh… are there specific things that you do on specific dates? (no) how does it change?
    S: How does the schedule change? (yeah, how does the schedule change?) well, some weeks.. I typically work between two or five days and I never know which ones I’m gonna work. (uhuh) and it changes every week. And it changes every… we work four or five days, and the store is open six. (uhuh) so it has to be covered all six days (I see)
    Y: [long silence] umm.. so.. but do you know for example tomorrow’s schedule? Or do you know which days you work this week? (I DO) and when do you learn of them?
    S: I get them once a month
    Y: Oh… once a month. Are there different kinds of… are there different.. do you have names for places within this store? Within the… I don’t actually even know what it is, do you call it flower shop?
    S: the store (the store. Are there different places within the store?) uhuh.
    Y: Which.. which places? For example, the place where you were… the people refer to it with a specific name? (the design room) the design room. [long silence] (I work in the design room) uhuh. And, is, um, so when you were there, I saw you had a phone, a computer, a desk.. (uhuh) it’s not a desk.. it would be like a counter, and then, across that, I saw another lady working there in that corner… is that also probably the design room?
    S: The entire room back there is the design room.
    Y: Ah, I see.. what gets done in the design room? Or what do you do in the design room.
    S: [dry[ DESIGN.
    Y: uhuh. Are there different steps in designing?
    S: Designing is a creative process. (uhuh) based on what your order says and based on what the… occasion is, it’s a creative process. (uhuh) [long silence]
    Y: is… is there any… so what, what.. what gets done in the store. Or what does the store do, in general?
    S: what doe sthe store do? (uhuh) we are a flower shop. We sell flowers (uhuh) [I think my informant is reacting cold and cynical because of the “steps in desgining”]
    Y: but you also.. design… design the arrangements
    S: that’s sellin’ flowers honey!
    Y: uhuh. And also you said that trees are grown, in the back, in the house?
    S: we don’t grow anything there. We sell it. (uhuh) we are a retail flower shop. That’s what we do.
    Y: But that’s kind of different from what I thought that what it would be, because.. I was thinking that it was just a retail shop. But in retail shops you don’t… you don’t do the arrangements. Or you don’t create things in retail shops.. I thought..
    S: This is the vase. Again, you don’t understand my industry. (uhuh) in a retail shop, in this industry, yes, you create things. (in the.. flower shops) uhuh. (uhuh) in the retail flower industry, you create things. (uhuh) you don’t necessarily have to create them yourselves, you could BUY them, already created (uhuh) then you have to offer it as cash and carry, you can’t as a full-service flower shop (uhuh). A full-service flower shop means that they can’t come in and get anything that they WANT, basically. A cash-and-carry, a bucket shop, would be you come in, you pick up what they’ve got, and go bye-bye. (uhuh)
    Y: and this store is not like that..
    S: We’re not a bucket shop.
    Y: oh.. what kind of shop is this.. this store?
    S: [marked words] WE ARE A FULL-SERVICE RETAIL FLOWER SHOP.
    Y: full-service shop.. [awkward laugh] I’m just concerned. Am I making my questions too.. too bothersome?
    S: Uhm,… no. But you don’t a CLUE of what my industry is, (uhuh) okay?
    Y: Would you like to explain what the industry is?
    S: You don’t know my industry at all.
    Y: Yeah.. I don’t know at all.
    S: Right. So with not knowing…. the industry, the questions that you are asking, are….
    Y: are.. are misguided.
    S: yes. I was looking for a different term. But “misguided” works.
    Y: what kind of questions should I ask?
    S: Well, I’m not 100%.. because when I was trying to explain to you, what it is that we do and how we do it, you said you wanted me to talk to you as if I was talking to a co-worker. And I can’t do that because you don’t understand my industry. That being the case, you don’t know the questions to ask to allow me to talk to you like a co-workers. (uhuh) Does that make SENSE? [how to avoid this situation next time?]
    Y: yeah.. could you.. like explain in general about what the industry is.. but… (no!) but..
    S: No. I can’t.
    Y: oh. Oh.. why…
    S: [long silence]
    Y: Is it that there is no starting point to start from?
    S: Let me see your assignment again.
    [Informant reads the syllabus again, and pages through the end]
    Y: oh but.. the assignment is the entire purpose of the course
    S: I know.
    [continues reading]
    [217]
    S: Ok. I have to ask you a question. (uhuh) why did you choose the flowershop as your microcosm?
    Y: it’s mostly because it’s close to Macalester. And um… yeah, that was pretty much it. [laugh] I mostly do work with the latino community, (uhuh) so I wanted to do that, but the professor told me that it was too complicated, that there were too many factors involved, that I should try to set out to study a more.. how should I say it.. a more defined (uhuh) demarked culture, cuz.. yeah.. last semester I went to a charity, as I was telling you, and there were issues with language, and it was very interesting because the director of the charter, whom I was interviewing, she was trying to learn Spanish, and she had different strategies for coping with people who came and didn’t speak English, but when to talk to, but my professor said “no, that’s not the purpose of what you’re doing”, and.. yeah.. so it’s closed, and I thought, “well, it’s a store, so it has to have a purpose”.
    S: It has a very clear purpose.
    Y: That’s why.. I picked. And actually I was going to try out all the other stores around this avenue, and check them out, but we had this blackout, during that afternoon, so stores closed.
    S: Well, [silence]
    Y: and we were encouraged to go to places.. hopefully we didn’t know much about, so that if we asked the really really basic questions, our informants wouldn’t ask us, “why are you asking that? you know that” which would happen if you had.. I work a lot with labor, so if I went to uh.. where was I going to go, [here I doubt a bit.. isn’t she a manager? Will she like knowing that I frequent the Dept of Labor Standards?] to an office that deals with those things. So if I went and asked about.. “what does these.. procedures, or what do these forms do?” they would be like, “you know, you’ve seen those all the time, why are you asking me?” so we would go to places we didn’t know about.
    S: were you encourage to go to places you didn’t know,

    [recording stops here because I felt this was not an interview]
    I think informant’s line continues like this:
    S: You didn’t know, or places you didn’t know anything about?
    Y: anything about..
    Etc… 10 min.

    [recording begins again, informant starts talking about arrangements]
    S: funk, unusual, they order all of that (funky or unusual?) funky, unusual, different.. out of the ordinary
    Y: could you give me an example of an funky or unusual arrangement?
    S: not verbally, but I can show you pictures.
    Y: (uhuh). Oh, but when you because… you..
    S: [starts talking very fast] it’s a creative process (uhuh) okay? (uhuh) if somebody comes in and they want something out of the ordinary or something unusual, it’s a creative process. You develop that in your HEAD. And that’s part of the uhm, that’s part of the talent of a professional flower designer. That’s why some people can put flowers in a container, and make it look very good, and other people can put flowers in a container that looks like crap. (uhuh) but it’s knowing how to put it together, it’s knowing how to do it, it’s knowing how to uhm.. how things are gonna look together, having an IDEA in your HEAD. [slowing down] It’s like creating a.. VISION in your HEAD, it’s kind of like.. umm.. it’s ART. (uhuh). It’s everyday, sellable art. [again quick] And the other thing is, is what I think is beautiful, is probably not what YOU think is beautiful (uhuh) what I think is funky, is not what YOU think is funky. But I think is funky, is something that other people in the store is funky. Because of my experience level, and umm.. my growth as a designer. I’ve been doing this.. on an off, for 30 years. With that being the case, I have a great deal of experience. I have worked some MASTERS. I have training from some top designers from the United States. I’m considered.. I’m regularly considered one of the top designers in the Twin Cities. And very good at what I do. With that being the case, what I think is beautiful, and what somebody else thinks that is beautiful is probably a lot different. People think babies rep is very pretty. I think it sucks. Because I’m babies.. fed up. [fed up? 270] For after 30 years of using, let’s do something creative.. let’s do something… that’s gonna look “knock your socks off”. It’s gonna look, and we get orders that say “make something that knocks your socks off”. Which means that you’re not gonna put carnations and daisies in a vase, you know?
    Y: But still.. eventually the arrangement will be put in some sort of vase. So it has… (sometimes a container) right, some kind of container, so there are parts in the final product, in the arrangement. There’s the container, there’s the kinds of flowers they are put..
    S: that’s not a process, it’s a Creative process. A Creative process is sticking it out. The mechanics of it is something different. The MECHANICS of it are the vase and flowers, that type of situation. The PROCESS is what goes on in your brain. There are… [sigh] I guess you can call them “steps”, you have to get the container full of flower in, fill a lot of water in, put it on the table, put it on a box, put a paper around it, and send it out to the driver.
    Y: uhuh… so could you talk about the mechanics of it [awkward laugh upon seeing informant’s expression] I know that, I know that, I understood that, the really important part is the creative part, and what goes inside your head, but I can’t really grasp that, I think I will never be able to grasp that, but I was wondering if I could learn about the mechanics of it, how it’s done, how it’s done materially.
    [informant grabs a spoon, and dumps it loudly into a glass cup. Then she pours water to it from the teapot. Teapot is dropped loudly on the table]
    S: You shove it in! That’s it!
    Y: Ahah. [awkward small laugh]
    S: that’s the mechanics of it!
    Y: Ahah.
    S: This is the flower! [shows spoon] Here is your container! [shows cup] Here is your water! Put the water in the container, put flowers in! Done! That’s the mechanics of it! There’s nothing more than that in the mechanics of it!
    Y: But there are different ways of…
    S: different ways of putting it in there? [put spoons in different positions] no, there’s not! It’s all the same way! It’s one, basic thing! It’s the CREATIVE PROCESS that makes each arrangement different, but it’s all the same process! It’s all the same mechanical process. It’s an art. [ms. Brings check] Can I get two separate check on that?
    Y: Yeah, could we?
    S: thanks. Umm… it’s an art. Okay? The mechanics of the process are ALWAYS the same. You get the container, you… put the water in it, you put the flowers in. That’s the mechanics of it. It is ALWAYS THE SAME. Where the flowers go, the type of flowers you do, that kind of situation.. is an art, it’s a creative process. Okay? (yeah) Did that make sense? (yeah, yeah, it did make sense) But there’s no… there’s ONLY ONE WAY of putting flowers in the vase [dumps spoon at cup again] I can put it in the same way. The mechanics of it doesn’t change. [I stare at the new post-it note] That’s how much it costs [she means, receipt] Is that right?
    Y: do you accept credit card? (yeah, he got the .34) Yeah, that’s right.
    S: Alright. So the mechanics never change (I see). Now, depending on what you choose for a container, and depending on what you choose for flowers, which is part of the creative process, WHERE do you put them, the length that you cut them, that type of situation differs. But the mechanics of it always stays the same. It’s the process, the creative process that makes the difference in, where things go, how they go, what goes in, what doesn’t. And some of that is based on what is written on the actual order that it gets to us. (uhuh) which comes from.. sometimes we take orders. But most of the time it comes from the office, for which they actually do the order taking. We have some people who work on commissions, based on their sales, to take their orders for us. But the room is that the backup to them, when they’re busy, we go take orders. We know how to do it. But we don’t do it very often. If there’s somebody SPECIFIC, like someone who came in for the funeral this morning, I talk to them, I put their orders in, because I talked to them and I’ll be doing the arrangements.
    Y: Uhh… do you have to leave now, or do you have some more minutes, like 5 minutes. (yeah, maybe like 5 minutes) could you talk about how there were these organized.. like outside of you, or around you, without peoples.. or how.. if there’s any work that is done along with other people, or you pass on some things, or you receive some things.. or so forth?
    S: The easiest way to do it is to draw a map. (ahah) okay. Here’s, this is basically the square’s basically the store. (uhuh) alright. So you’ve got the back door here, you’ve got the front door here. ‘kay? Uh, you walk into the backdoor, there’s the green house, back here is the garage… ‘kay? Back here is the executive offices (uhuh) alright. So you’ve got if there’s a big huge cooler here, alright? You can see everything. Here’s the sales…. area. Right here.. is the design area. There’s a front office, and this is the store part. Alright So a customer comes into the store, okay, can go into the cooler, do whatever [slightly despective tone] pick up whatever they want. Here’s your… umm… (the counter) the clerk. The counter. (uhuh) So when you come in the store you either can go in here [I think she indicated the clerk area] or you can look around the store. Go to the clerk corner, it goes through into an office, there is a prineter, goes to the printer. From the printer, it goes to the design room. From the design room, it goes.. there’s Na’s bench, there’s my bench, there’s jan’s bench, there’s jean’s bench and there’s marion’s bench. From here it’s dispersed to one of these three benches. This is Jan, this is Jean… this is Marion, this is me… this is Na. Okay? Alright. So from there, it goes in back into this garage, there’s cooler four. Alright? So you get the big cooler here with the flowers in, there’s a little cooler back here with flowers under it, but that doesn’t matter. So, it comes from here, and it comes through here. It gets dispersed to one of us. Okay? It can go to the store clerks. And take the order. Or it can go through the phones, and if it goes just through the phones, and they never come to the store, it goes to the office. No matter, it all goes to this desk back here [which one was it?] It’s the central desk. From this desk, it gets dispersed here, or COULD go back to the front store. (uhuh) Front Store takes care of the plants. They just pull them out of the inventory of the plants that are in the store. We do all the design work. There’s one, two, three, four, five of us, that’s the design staff. We’re the creative people. We do it, once it gets done with us, it either goes to this back drivers’ table, or goes into cooler four. (uhuh) okay? If it’s for today, it goes to the driver’s table. If it’s for the next day, or something in the future, it goes to cooler 4. We work three days ahead. We’re doing orders this afternoon for tomorrow and Wednesday morning. Okay? From the driver.. so it goes into cooler four. It will sit there overnight. From cooler 4, it will go back to the dirver’s table, they will wrap it, and go back to the garage, and it goes out the door for delivery. That’s the FLOW of traffic in the store (I see…)
    [lady takes payment from informant]
    Y: Did you.. like today’s interview? I, I.. had the impression that you got really offended in that I was describing your work in material terms, and.. yeah.
    S: Yeah! I am offended that you describe it in mechanical terms. Because it’s NOT MECHANICAL. (and I can be respectful, and..) it’s a… it’s a… it’s an artistic process.
    Y: Yes, just as academics, yeah… so
    S: Well, academics is not an artistic process, it’s a mental process. This is more of an artistic process, okay? (yeah, more of the spirit) there’s no research here, there’s no.. I mean, it’s like telling the painter, you know, there’s the difference between being a building painter, and being a portrait painter, and being a artist. Okay? We’re more of a portrait painter-artist type situation. Okay? We don’t paint buildings. That’s mechanical. We don’t DO that. (uhuh) this is a process by which everything we make, we put our heart and soul in it. When I do a funeral, when I do this $1,000 funeral this afternoon, I’m gonna put my heart and soul into that. And our comment is that if you wouldn’t send it to your mother, don’t send it. Now, if you’re gonna send it to your mother, there’s emotion involved here. Okay? This is, this.. may be different from a lot of retails in that WE PUT OUR EMOTIONS and our feelings into these things. And send it out the door. (uhuh) Okay? So it’s not… it’s a creative process, it’s an emotional process. And… [silence] you’re trying to explain it as a mechanical thing.. (it’s offensive) yes, it is offensive. (yeah.. yeah.. I got it. So…) I mean it’s like you go and shop and buy a present for your mother. If I told you that there is nothing more than a mechanical thing to do, would that be offensive to you?
    Y: oh of course.. [actually I don’t agree, but..] I was not trying to imply that there was only a mechanical part.. so… but you spend most of your time in the design process and the creative process.
    S: I will wake up in the middle of the night, you know, if I know I’ve got an order (uhuh) that… umm… if I know I’ve got an order that is unusual, or troublesome, or worrisome, it’s not uncommon for me to wake up in the middle of the night designing it in my head. Okay? It’s not uncommon for me to a lot of people come in and ask you.. what should I do?
    Y: Right.. [laugh] (you know) and.. and they don’t really understand what’s going on..
    S: they don’t understand, they don’t have a clue what they are looking for, they don’t know what they are looking for… I had a lady call me today, and she said, I was in last week, I didn’t have a clue what I was looking for. And she didn’t know she was talking to me. And she said, “I didn’t have a clue what it was that I was looking for” and the clerk, took her to the cooler, and showed her some stuff, and we talked about some stuff, and it was perfect, it was exactly what I wanted, and when I got there, it was exactly what I wanted. And how it was that it was exactly what I wanted, I don’t know. But it was perfect. Well, she talked to me, I did the arrangement, I sent it out the door, it was exactly what she wanted.. now..
    Y: Some people.. just come in.. want to grab something.. and leave [hmm, that’s me]
    S: Right! some people don’t care. Some people say, you know, whatever you do, it will be fine, because I trust you. And it’s part of it, it’s building a trust with your customers, and your clientele, and getting to know your clientele. (uhuh) Um, I had certain customers, that will specifically ask for me, because they know my work, they like my work, they trust me. I have other customers, that wanna pick on [informant marks syllables by hitting the table with something… I think it was the cup] e.very sin.gle flo.wer in the store [/mark] in the arrangement, and they will stand there and watch me do it. They trust me, but they stand there watching me doing it, because, they wanna know. (right..) so, it’s more of an emotional process. This industry is different than a retail. It’s not, it’s not… I think of it in a lot of times, when I’m teaching [at her other instructor job], what kind of industry my industry is. Are we… a value added industry? Are we a … retail industry? Are we a manufacturing industry? We’re all of that. So, it’s kind of a hybrid industry. Because we manufacture these things, but we don’t manufacture quantities of it. The harder you try to make natural things look the same, the worse, the more different they look. (uhuh)
    Y: so would you mind… if… I don’t know if you want to have a further interview, but would you mind if in the future interviews, we focus with what went around, outside the design room, and what happens in the store.. and what happens with the customers.. and this is something I find very interesting in the design process, and there are clients that appreciate the design process, but they trust you because they have a building relationship with the designer. But, but there are other customers, because these two types of customers, will both ask you to do what you find most appropriate.. or what you find.. most.. appropriate I guess. The customers who don’t understand it, and the ones that do, but they trust you because of the relationships. I was wondering if for future interviews we could focus with what went around, and outside the design room? Because, for this project, supposedly [I roll eyes] we are just starting how to do these interviews, I mean we can’t really get.. we can’t really do anything with something that’s, that happens within a person’s, within a person’s head. Within.. within a persons’ creative efforts that don’t have boundaries. Because we are just learning to do it. So we need something simple to start with. So.. I was wondering if you minded, if I asked you about.. so… what happens in the cooler,…
    S: What happens in the cooler? (yeah…) flowers sit (yeah… [laugh] that kind of thing) I don’t, I don’t care.
    Y: would you, would you mind having another interview, this week or next week?
    S: na, I can’t do it this week. This week I’m off for Tuesday.. and Thursday and Friday this week.
    Y: what about next week?
    [we agreed on that I would call her sometime next week]

    I think informant is using her creative process thing to cope with the amount of daily work, and reacts strongly to anything that may suggest it consists of material processes. I will try using more of her folks terms (creative process, design room, designers) next time to appease that aspect, and focus more on the things that occur outside the design room, for the time being.

  • Assignment 2: Project Proposal (second version)

    Yongho Kim
    Assignment 2: Project Proposal (second version)
    September 24, 2004
    Ethnographic Interviewing

    1. My microculture is a flowershop.
    2. The flowershop is located in Minnesota, in on a relatively major avenue. About 20 employees seem to work there. My informant, Sarah, is one of the managers (or so it seems) and I will be talking with the owner of the store on Friday, September 24th 10am to obtain research authorization.
    3. The shop is accessible, and the informant is an instructor of structural management at Metro State university. (double edged). Therefore the setting of a research is not so foreign to her. Depending on how it is presented, the owner may contemplate the research as an opportunity for PRing (as Kowalski’s has done)
    4. The shop is maybe too accessible, and even under anonymity, informant may be hesitant to disclose information prejudicial to the business (under the premises that information may leak out to fellow students who use the shop). Also, given that informant is a college instructor, it may be hard to break through the “translation” of cultural knowledge.
    5. Research with Human Participants Statement
    a. Risks: informant may end up fired if delicate situations are not balanced adequately. (slight) corporate environment may make open discussions difficult.
    b. Risks can be minimized by frankly explaining all aspects of the interview and research process and making sure that informant understands possible and not-so-likely repercussions of the research.
    c. To secure anonymity, the interviews will be stored in tape cassettes which I will keep in a bag with a lock in my room. (I am not sure as to what to do with the keys of the lock, though) I will transcribe the interviews into files that will be saved in my computer with a running password-protected file server system to access them from around the campus. Whenever I draft a transcript, I will shred it using proper machines at the Anthro dept before disposing of it. I will be using pseudonyms throughout the transcription of the interviews. I will write down critical number data in codes, so I’ll worry less about things such as addresses and phone numbers leaking out.
    d. I have done this on Thursday, September 23rd. I walked in, talked to the front attendant and explained her a bit lengthly the purpose of my visit. She commented that not many people had time here and introduced me to Sarah, who seemed to be a manager. I introduced myself as a Macalester student taking an anthropology class in which we are to learn interviewing techniques while trying to learn the informant’s perspective as much as possible. I also said that I have a curiosity as for how the task of distributing the work is organized. I explained her that this will involve a series of 7 or 8 interviews over a period of 10 weeks lasting 45 to 60 minutes, resulting in a 30 page academic paper describing his work from a neutral position that will be read only by my professor and me, for which I will receive a grade. I said that I’ll be giving her copies of the final paper. I forgot to mention the use of recorders, but I will explain it during my meeting with the owner. I explained the a strict anonymity would be kept through the use of pseudonyms, careful handling of the data, and avoidance of information that narrows the site or person down. I believe this should give my informant enough information to decide whether or not to partake in the project.

  • Assignment 3: Interview on the Diversity Weekend Committee

    September 21, 2004
    Yongho Kim
    Ethnographic Interviewing
    Assignment 3

    Interview on the Diversity Weekend Committee

    I interviewed a friend, and she really wanted to talk about the Diversity Weekend committee. And although I realized that I knew the microculture too well (if it could be called one), and that it had a short life span (one or two years of members) she insisted on it and I thought it would be prudent to honor my informant’s perspective. I told her not to assume I knew anything of the microculture and imagine I had transferred in from Colorado.. or something.

    The interview was done at her house lounge, with friends around, for about 40 minutes. Friends stayed all in the kitchen, however. (No noise factor)

    (more…)

  • Assignment 2: Project Proposal

    Yongho Kim
    Assignment 2: Project Proposal
    September 21, 2004
    Ethnographic Interviewing

    (more…)

  • [Yongho Kim] Marx and Engels

    From: “Yongho Kim”
    Sent: Monday, September 20, 2004 2:04 PM
    Subject: Marx Notes

    September 20, 2004
    Yongho Kim

    Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Opposition of the Materialist and Idealist Outlook

    • German Ideology is a work that unfolds from the context of the Hegelian/socialist debates in Germany. In it, Marx criticizes idealist reformists such as Max Stirner and Bruno.

    • Marx and Engels point out that the world, which belongs to the material, cannot be changed through discussion of ideas about it, but through the actual conditions of it. The term real condition is a term they come back throughout the work.

    • Engels develops a revision of history according to its materialist configuration: the tribal ownership with slaves as property and family as a force of production, the city-state in which slavery persists and the community is a unit of production, the feud in which the unit is the feud and the rise aristocracy in opposition to the urban bourgeoisie, and the contemporary situation in which the tensions between the feud and the town classes peaks.

    • Marx tries to bridge the material and mental aspects of the man by focusing on his labor as a material condition that determines his consciousness. Because men worked 12 or more hours a day during the early industrial setting in Germany, this argument had strength of proof.

    • Marx and Engels point out at the division of labor and the specialization arising thereof as a precondition of the alienation of man and the resulting social oppression. McGee and Warms criticize this perspective by showing that society cannot sustain itself without division of labor.
  • Faith and Social Justice

    Yongho Kim
    March 11, 2004

    Anthropology Internship: Faith and Social Justice
    Prof. Sonia Patten

    Finding Common Grounds: Religious Morality as a Catalyst for Economic Justice

    What Faith Groups Say About “The Right to Organize”, by the National Interfaith Committee for Worker Justice (NICWJ), brings together the strongest arguments made in alliance with the workers’ rights for a fair wage and organizing by the Roman Catholic Church, various Protestant denominations, and the Central Conference of American Rabbis. Throughout the texts runs the theme of religious morality as a reason for seeking economic justice in the world.

    (more…)

  • Making connections with the audience: professionalism and alienation

    Yongho Kim
    Labor’s Story through Music
    May 10, 2004. (due May 7th – three days late )

    Making connections with the audience: professionalism and alienation

    In reflecting on the production of “Forgotten”, I want to focus on the difference between the performance at the Union Hall and the one at Macalester in the level of connections it allowed student performers to make with the audience during the show itself.

    The Union Hall was not meant to be used as a performance space – it had a podium dedicated to lectures and some backstage space. Bob arranged it so that the main actors would hide behind the backstage space when they were not performing, but the worker’s chorus had to stay in the back of the hall, visible to the audience. In between scenes, and in the majority of scenes where the worker’s chorus was not present, we (the worker’s chorus) could stand in the back and listen to peoples’ reactions – laughter, exclamations, suspense, etc.

    Having not had the time to stay and chat with audiences, this was a medium through which I could connect with the audience. They laughed when the foreman said “It’s in the corner where no one else ever goes”, they were focused and silent during the introduction of “The Ford Hunger March”. I also had a chance to confirm feelings I had towards situations – a bitter taste for Lewis not listening to his wife, for example – by finding reactions or the lack of them in the audience. In the same vein, not having a proper lightning set helped view the expressions in the faces of the people present there.

    On the other hand, Macalester’s concert hall was conceived from the beginning as a performance space. There were doors that closed well (the Union Hall’s backstage was not an enclosed space, but just a wall separating the hall from the back stage) at the stage and a separate entrance hallway outside of the concert hall, which was where the students waited. Behind the thick walls, we could only follow the general melody in order to know when to enter. The intense spotlight also prevented us from seeing the audience.

    This contributed to separating the student performers from the performance experience. Although a stretch, I parallel this to a general pattern where technical professionalism matches an increased distance between artist and audience as in Rose’s account of western music isolating the musician through sheet music. As Pete Seeger’s effort to incorporate the audience in the singing was a way to break through his contradictions between the message portrayed and his own life (Filene 196), directions to the opposite pole seem to alienate the performers.

    As a side note, I would like to point out that our Thursday concert was the second time I had listened to the lyrics for the whole show attentively and could figure out what the whole story was about.

    As a result, in the brief moments that I exchanged brief commentaries with audiences after the show, I felt there were more shared emotional links in the Union Hall, not because it was a working class space, but because it was less professional and allowed for informal human expressions such as laughter to transmit both sides.

  • imagined conversation between Benjamin Filene and Ruth Glasser on "authenticity"

    Yongho Kim
    Labor’s Story through Music
    May 10, 2004 (due April 15 – 3 weeks late)

    [DJ plays “We shall not be moved” by the Almanac Singers]

    Glasser: I like how the band uses the banjo, which gives it a more folk feel. Were the instruments made in the east coast before being sold to the singers? (G 18)

    Filene: I think you are right in that it was made in the east coast through the producers.. but I look more into the intention of the singer behind using “traditional” instruments. Pete Seeger was always torn between wanting to speak out for the working class and only being able to do so through a commercial distribution process. He faced the contradiction and expressed it overtly. (F 201)

    G: Did he? Still, that sounds a bit hypocritical – if you do not come from a middle class background, why would you pretend to sound like one, and then “apologize” for doing it? Pete should have worked along with singers from true working class background – those who worked partly in music and were dedicated in daytime to mining and other working-class jobs. (G 93)

    F: It can’t be that easy… he had to negotiate with the industry in order to be heard – we could most likely not be able to discuss his music had Pete not gone commercial. (F 203)

    G: Maybe.. what about the lyrics, though? What does he mean by “we” in “we shall not be moved”, “the union is behind us”, and “we’re black and white together”, when the Almanac Singers does not come from a working class background, is not really related to the union, nor is racially diverse? Puerto Ricans bought the discs made by Puerto Ricans about Puerto Rico, not because they expected people to imitate their accents and present a self-image intended to represent them, but because they knew that these were their brothers and sisters telling their stories. (G 124) Why cannot we expect a similar background for American “folk” singers?

    [Music shifts to “Casey Jones”]

    F: With folk musicians it’s a bit of a different story – people needed to work together for common causes. Civil rights activists, for example, didn’t mind a white guy singing the struggle of African-Americans – we could say that they didn’t expect him to represent the cause, but rather to draw middle class, white sympathizers to be able to identify with the movement. (F 201) The story of Casey Jones, for example, is a case in point. Pete also brought the folk music back to the folk with his sing-alongs. (F 195)

    G: That sounds more like a transitional way of negotiating the limitations of the music industry. Shouldn’t Pete’s goal to change the fact that singers cannot reach audiences unless they are abiding by commercial demand?

    Kim: Ruth! Hello! What are you people talking about? I heard you mention Pete Seeger.

    G: It’s that Ben annoys me because he says that all musicians face contradictions by their involvement with commercialized music industry and that Pete did what he could – highlighting the limitations of folk music, without really trying to do anything about it.

    K: Oh, you should check Tricia Rose! I guess you read her.. doesn’t she say in Black Noise that hip hop’s relationship with the commodity market does not necessarily mean that hip hop is being absorbed by the system, but rather an appropriation of the conditions of production. (Rose 40). Take women graffiti writers, for example – they use colors and shapes set by society (pink color, landscapes) but not as a way of reinforcing preconceived notions, but in order to gain visibility in an area often known as male-dominated (R 44). Rappers also encourage audience participation (R 54), which is not the focus but could be seen as a continuation of Pete.

    F: Thanks for the help, Yongho. Indeed, singers to subvert commercial structures – for instance, Lead Belly sued the Lomaxes, his former [scrip] employer, for the control of revenues produces from his concerts. (F 62) It’s just that during Pete’s times the industry was very complex.

    [Yongho plugs “The Message” with Dr. Dre]

    G: But it’s still not authentic – granted, judging authenticity by merely the country the artist is from is quite silly (G 155) But what if a white, suburban, middle-class singer claims a share of black hip hop identity while hiding his backgrounds?

    F: Dylan would be a good example. He concealed his background but his songs were consciousness-raising in a number of ways.

    G: No. You don’t just justify racial masquerading by saying that the singer was trying to face contradictions in a creative way, in the same way you would do it along class lines.

    Y: [silence] I think it’s about how we’re locating the artist within society – is the artist going to merely become part of the music industry, or is the artist conceive as an active agent working with the given tools and environment? (R 63) That’s how we could see some hope for the working class people who have to deal with societal structures of exploitation on a daily basis.

  • Coalition-making in The Fuse’s Seattle 1919

    Yongho Kim
    Labor’s Story through Music
    February 25, 2004

    Coalition-making in The Fuse’s Seattle 1919: Class Solidarity and Divisiveness, and Incorporation of the Other in post-World War I Unionism.

    Seattle 1919 addresses issues of class solidarity frequently present in the newly emerging U.S. unionism and attempts to unite workers from different race, gender, and skill groups under a common struggle against the capitalist classes. Babson defines solidarity as that which “defined an injury to any one worker as an injury to all workers” (Babson, 9). In practice, this amounted to workers striking in sympathy for a strike held by workers from another industry brought together by geographical links (such as the different unions in the Seattle 1919 strike) or by relationships in their modes of production (such as the Pullman 1894 strike, in which railroad workers joined train operators’ strike). Indeed, the Seattle 1919 strike appears to have been a major show of class solidarity in the inter wars period; was this the reason that it was picked as the title for The Fuse’s rock opera – because the songs focused in class solidarity and Seattle 1919 was its symbol?

    A major point of contention between workers (particularly the skilled) and the factory owner class in early 20th century was scientific management and the scrip system (Zinn, 9). Scientific management, a system of production introduced by Taylor in which workers were to perform minimum tasks on pieces carried on a line (Babson, 27), involved a decrease at the cost of production and the de-skilling of workers, which threatened to end with the relative autonomy enjoyed by skilled craftsmen. (Babson, 29)

    Class solidarity was a problematic concept in early U.S. unionism, especially when applied over marginalized minorities among the working class. White workers would often not accept African-American authorities, although they would appeal to class solidarity in times of hardship. (Arnesen, 80)

    In “Street Speech”, a rhetoric that seems to have been transplanted from that of freedom for slaves is used to advocate the right for workers to be free from the scrip system. The singer says, “brick by brick / nail by nail / we built the mansions / and we built the jails”, pointing out that the power to bring about both opulence of the upper class and oppression on the worker class lies within the worker class. At the same time, it is suggested that the struggle of the working class is akin to that of the African-American peoples because both are directed against a group that owns the means of production. The song goes on: “We don’t want them / we don’t need them / these parasites who live off someone else!”. Thus “Street Speech” is a coalitional effort to incorporate African-Americans to the organizing effort, while at the same time it is meant to rouse feelings of class solidarity from white union workers towards African-Americans who, driven by poverty, often acted as strikebreakers (Babson, 48), triggering racial lynching from union members.

    Unskilled workers were also often excluded in the support from skilled workers’ unions such as the American Federation of Labor (AFL). During World War I, unskilled workers’ unions such as the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) were prosecuted by the government under the implicit consent of the AFL (Babson, 37). In Seattle’s 1919 strike, even though local AFL affiliates cooperated with each other on a radical path more on IWW’s lane, national AFL representatives dissented. (Brecher, 105) It is to note that the price of such non-cooperation only came back to the worker. In “Caught in the middle”, the singer laments: “I joined IWW for a principle / and the AF of L for a job / now I’m caught in the middle / don’t know which way to go”.

    The uneasiness between the AFL and IWW is also closely bound by the tensions around the newly introduced scientific management. Scientific management, introduced by Taylor, was encouraged to union workers to work in small, mechanical tasks that didn’t require a specific skill. This meant that whenever a strike broke among skilled craftsmen, managers could easily replace them with dozens of unskilled workers from the streets. (Babson, 28) This was the chief reason why AFL would not offer membership to industrial workers. (Babson, 32)

    Seattle 1919 uses strategies of incorporation by appealing to shared experiences as described above. It also points out a common struggle against the capitalist class as a reason to unite forces. The scarcity of solidarity among different minority groups is sometimes compensated by recognizing a common opposing force.

    One form of such approach is by weighing the capitalist’s power against powers traditionally held as authoritative. The singer expresses this in “One Step Further”, in which he sings “I don’t care about the government / I think Rockefeller owns the president”. The capitalist class is portrayed as am powerful force that flies above any controlling mechanism. The weariness of an opposing force that go beyond law is a compelling reason to join a struggle against it.

    A definitive split between AFL and IWW, and the eventual demise of the IWW while AFL grew under government protection, took place during World War I. On the one hand the demand for industrial output increased, while available labor was held steady because immigration routes were blocked. The government, worried that a general strike may disrupt the highly profitable war machinery exportations situation, created the National War Labor Board (NWLB) that mediated negotiations between corporations and unions in order to prevent strikes from erupting. AFL was highly cooperative in the process, alienating the draft-resisting IWW in the process. (Babson, 39) Seattle 1919 is critical of this relationship. “The Push” goes like this: “You say it’s for the war but I think it’s for the money”, which may be referring to the NWLB that is pleading for no strikes because it would damage the country but also to the AFL that claims to show its patriotic stance while receiving compensations in the form of organizing support. I think the song lines up with the IWW, which is evident in the anti-war stance of the lines “In the bloody trenches / where is law and order? / Dying for your country”

    Seattle 1919 is a call to class solidarity across skill and racial lines, because there is a common struggle against a common opposing force. Unfortunately, the brief one-month general strike in Seattle, which most closely resembled such close knit solidarity among the working class in the city, fell down because of fissures with external AFL pressuring and the government threat of turning the peaceful manifestation into a violent one.

  • [Comment] Blues people: negro music in white america

    Yongho Kim
    Telling Labor’s Story through Music
    February 10, 2004

    Baraka points out in chapter 2 that West African music provided a baseline for the music sung by African-Americans who came to the United States through slavery. Two main tenets of these West African roots are the multilingualism of its lyrics and the narrow albeit continuous range in the melody (24). While traces of an unique West African melodic range is visible in the songs assigned, the heritage of multilingualism becomes slightly problematic.

    Baraka explains that West African harmonic system, from which the African-American one develops, unlike European harmonic system, does not follow a scale of tones and half-tones. For ears trained solely around classical/medieval European music, the melodic variations of a West African music may appear either chaotic or static. (The same should be true for the contrary. 25) This is because the West African melody moves subtly between the spaces that a European scale considers discrete. This feature seems prominent in songs that belong to the African-American musical tradition. (Consider, for instance, “O, Lord, I’m waitin’ on You” (CD9, 2) at the instance when te singer sings “Oh Lord” for the third time.)

    However, when Baraka’s assertion that Spanish, French, the different languages from West Africa, and Creole, mixed during the experience of slavery to create a multifaceted lyric for the African-American music, seems far stretched. It is true that in early slave work songs, such as “Ouendé, ouendé, macaya!” (21), mixed French and African portions. This split, Baraka goes on, served the purpose of hiding subversive ideologies from the masters. But in listening to early 19th century’s folk, blues, and spirituals, I find no such mixing. On the one hand, there is obviously no further need to hide messages. On the other hand, most of these words have been incorporated into (almost) everyday English. When I hear foreign-derived words in the songs assigned, I can feel no distinct foreign ethos such as those found in Latino speech which may mix Spanish words (which are distinguishably identifiable as “non-english” words) or any other language.

    I am not sure if this happens because of the long history of African-Americans in the US, or because of some preferential pattern in which the media portrays certain words as foreign/exotic whereas others become merely slangs. But in either case, I can argue that should many words in contemporary African-American/African-American derived lyrics originally come from other languages, it has reached a distinctive familiarity that sets it apart from other foreign-induced words.

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